Antigua & Barbuda Citizenship by Investment: Eligibility, Benefits & FAQs

Introduction

Citizenship by investment programmes allow families to obtain a second nationality in return for contributing to a country’s economy. Antigua & Barbuda launched its programme in 2013 and has since become one of the most popular options in the Caribbean. For high‑net‑worth individuals and expats seeking greater mobility, better tax planning and a safe Plan B, the Antigua & Barbuda passport can be extremely attractive. This guide explains the investment options, eligibility requirements and benefits, and answers the questions that our clients ask most often.

Investment options and eligibility

Antigua & Barbuda offers four main routes to citizenship. The National Development Fund (NDF) is the most straightforward: a non‑refundable contribution of US$100,000 for a single applicant or a family of up to four, plus due diligence and processing fees. For larger families the contribution increases slightly, but the overall outlay remains modest.

Investors who prefer a tangible asset can choose the approved real‑estate option. A minimum investment of US$200,000 (which can be split between two applicants) in a government‑approved development is required. The property must be held for at least five years, after which it can be sold without affecting citizenship.

The business investment route requires either a minimum individual investment of US$1.5 million in an approved enterprise or a joint investment of US$5 million where each applicant contributes at least US$400,000. This option appeals to entrepreneurs seeking to expand into the Caribbean region while securing a second passport.

The University of the West Indies fund was introduced to support tertiary education. Families of six or more can donate US$150,000, which includes tuition for one family member at the university. This route has become popular with families who have university‑age children.

Regardless of the chosen investment, applicants must be at least 18 years old, pass a stringent due‑diligence check and have no serious criminal record. Proof of legal source of funds is required. Spouses, dependent children under 31, parents and grandparents over 55 and unmarried siblings of the main applicant or spouse may be included. Applicants must also commit to spending at least five days in Antigua & Barbuda in the first five years after obtaining citizenship.

Application process

The process is handled through an authorised agent licensed by the Antigua & Barbuda Citizenship by Investment Unit (CIU). The typical steps are:

1. Choose an authorised agent and decide on the investment route. The agent will assess suitability and prepare a detailed cost breakdown.
2. Gather documentation. Passports, birth certificates, police clearance certificates, bank references and medical reports are required for all applicants. Documents must be notarised and in some cases legalised.
3. Submit the application. The agent files the application with the CIU and pays due‑diligence and processing fees.
4. Wait for approval in principle. The CIU reviews the file and conducts background checks. This stage generally takes 3–4 months.
5. Complete the investment. After approval the applicant finalises the chosen investment within 30 days.
6. Take the Oath of Allegiance and receive the passport. Applicants over 18 must attend a designated embassy, high commission or consulate to swear the oath. Passports are issued shortly after and can be collected in person or delivered to the agent.

Advantages of Antigua & Barbuda citizenship

An Antigua & Barbuda passport provides visa‑free or visa‑on‑arrival travel to more than 140 countries, including the Schengen Area, the UK, Singapore and Hong Kong. Holders can live, work and study in Antigua & Barbuda, and children can attend school or university in a safe English‑speaking environment. The country does not levy personal income tax, wealth tax, capital gains tax or inheritance tax, making it particularly appealing for wealth planning. Dual citizenship is permitted, and citizenship can be passed to future generations provided certain requirements are met. As an official Commonwealth member, Antigua & Barbuda citizens also benefit from consular assistance from the UK and other Commonwealth nations.

Frequently asked questions

Do I need to visit Antigua & Barbuda during the process?

There is no requirement to travel during the application stage, but successful applicants must spend at least five days in the country within the first five years of obtaining citizenship. Many clients use this time as a holiday or to explore investment opportunities.

How long does it take to obtain citizenship?

Most applications are approved within six to nine months. Delays can occur if the CIU requests additional documents or if background checks take longer than expected.

Can citizenship be passed to children born after approval?

Yes. Children born after the main applicant becomes a citizen can generally obtain citizenship by descent subject to administrative fees and registration. However, the programme’s documentation emphasises that citizenship obtained through investment is not automatically inheritable; family members must register to secure their status.

Is there a residency requirement?

Apart from the requirement to spend five days in the first five years, there is no obligation to reside in Antigua & Barbuda or to relocate assets.

Are there restrictions based on nationality or health?

Applications from nationals of certain countries may be restricted, and applicants with serious communicable diseases may be deemed ineligible. Your authorised agent will advise on the latest rules.

How We Support You

Through our Private Office Hub, we connect clients with government-approved agents and legal experts specialising in Caribbean citizenship programmes. All partners are experienced in working with international families, entrepreneurs, and time-sensitive applications.

You’ll receive:

• Clarity on the most suitable investment route for your circumstances
• Full support through the documentation, due diligence, and application process
• Transparent fees and timelines—no hidden costs
• Expert coordination across multiple jurisdictions (if applying as a family or with assets elsewhere)
• Guidance on the long-term tax and mobility benefits of second citizenship

A straightforward path to a second passport—without the hassle.